Passenger List
One hundred two passengers departed England. Because one died en route and one was born at sea, exactly 102 passengers arrived in America. While most traveled with family, some left behind loved ones who were to sail on later voyages. Several also traveled with indentured servants or apprentices contracted to work for a set number of years.
After arriving in harsh winter weather, one-half of the passengers died during a "general sickness" of colds, coughs and fevers. The family groups are depicted below. The survivors and deceased are represented by color.
SIGNED THE COMPACT
SURVIVED
DIED FIRST YEAR
John Alden
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JOHN ALDEN*, about 22 years old, was a cooper, someone who makes and repairs wooden barrels, casks, and buckets. This skill was essential for survival because staples like water, beer, flour, grains, and salted meats required leakproof containers. The investors hired Alden in London, hoping he would remain with the colonists rather than return with the ship. He chose to stay in Plymouth, and in 1623, he married Mayflower passenger Priscilla Mullins. Together, they had 10 children: Elizabeth, John, Joseph, Priscilla, Jonathan, Sarah, Ruth, Mary, Rebecca, and David.
Alden became prominent in the colony's government, serving many years as an elected assistant to the governor. He was instrumental in establishing land grant boundaries, served on committees to settle disputes, was a Council of War member, and was a founder of Duxbury, Massachusetts.
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In 1634, he was seized and jailed in Boston following a fatal skirmish at Plymouth's Kennebec trading post, although he had no active part in the incident. Myles Standish traveled to Boston and secured his release.
Alden was regularly re-elected to the colony's leadership council until the final year of his life. Preceded in death by his wife, Priscilla, Alden died in 1687 in Duxbury at about age 89. He was the last surviving signer of the Mayflower Compact.
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ISAAC* & MARY (NORRIS) ALLERTON traveled from Leiden, Holland. Isaac, about 34 years old, was a merchant tailor, while Mary was approximately 30. They journeyed with their three children, Bartholomew, Remember, and Mary, having buried an infant son in Leiden a year prior to the voyage. Mary was also pregnant with their fifth child.​ After arriving at Plymouth Harbor, she gave birth to a stillborn baby boy aboard the ship. Two months later, on February 25, 1620/21, Mary died during the general sickness, leaving Isaac a widower with three young children.
By 1627, Isaac married his second wife, Fear Brewster, who arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. Fear was the daughter of passengers William and Mary Brewster . Together, Isaac and Fear had with two children: Sarah and Isaac. They were married for eight years until Fear died of a fever in 1634. By 1644, Isaac married his third wife, Joanna Swinnerton.
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A prominent leader in Plymouth, Allerton served as an elected assistant to the governor and traveled to England to represent the colony in negotiations with investors. However, by 1631, Plymouth discharged him as an agent for exceeding his authority and engaging in deals benefitting himself rather than the colony. Nevertheless, he continued his trading ventures, moving from Plymouth to Marblehead, and later to New Amsterdam and New Haven, where he prospered in wealth and influence. Allerton was about 72 years old when he died in New Haven in February 1658/59.
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BARTHOLOMEW ALLERTON was about 8 years old, based on his parents' marriage date and his birth order. He returned to England sometime after 1627, where he served as a vicar. He married first to Margaret, who died. He then married Sarah Fairfax, with whom he had four children: Dorothy, Isaac, John, and Mary. Bartholomew died in England at about age 46.
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REMEMBER ALLERTON was about 6 years old. By 21, she married Moses Maverick. She and Moses lived in Salem and had seven children: Rebecca, Mary, Abigail, Samuel, Remember, and two daughters named Elizabeth (the first of whom died young). Remember died sometime between 1652 and 1656 when her youngest child was less than 4 years old.
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MARY ALLERTON was about 4 years old. At about 20, she married Thomas Cushman, and they went on to have eight children: Thomas, Sarah, Isaac, Elkanah, Feare, Eleazer, Mary, and Lydia. Mary and Thomas's marriage lasted 55 years until he died in 1691. When Mary died in 1699 at about age 83, she was the last surviving Mayflower passenger.
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JOHN HOOKE was about 13 years old. When he was 12, his parents apprenticed him to Isaac Allerton in Leiden, contracting him for 12 years to learn the tailor's trade, learn to read and write, and be reared in the faith. John died during the general sickness of the first winter.
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Isaac, Mary, Bartholomew, Remember, & Mary Allerton, & servant John Hooke
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JOHN ALLERTON* was a hired seaman, probably related to Isaac Allerton. He was contracted to return to Leiden to help with the emigration of those left behind. John signed the Mayflower Compact, but he died during the general sickness before the ship could make its return voyage.
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John Allerton
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JOHN* & ELEANOR (ELINOR) BILLINGTON traveled from London with their two sons, John Jr. and Francis. John Sr. was a notorious trailblazer of sorts. He committed the first crime in Plymouth by scorning the military commands of Captain Standish. He committed the first murder in Plymouth by shooting a mortal enemy. And finally, he received the first death sentence in Plymouth, dying by hanging in 1630.
Six years after her husband's execution, Eleanor was found guilty of slander and sentenced to sit in the stocks and be whipped. This punishment was the first of its kind for a woman in Plymouth. In 1638, Eleanor remarried and lived at least five more years, dying sometime between 1643 and 1650.
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JOHN BILLINGTON JR. was about 16 years old. During the first spring, John Jr. got lost in the woods for five days, surviving on berries until the formerly hostile Nauset tribe found him. When the heavily armed colonists arrived to retrieve him, they found John Jr. not only safe and healthy but wearing native beads. He died young, in his 20s, likely between 1627 and 1630.
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FRANCIS BILLINGTON was about 14 years old. While aboard the Mayflower, he nearly blew up the ship when he discharged his father's gun near a barrel of gunpowder. In Plymouth, he worked as a carpenter's assistant for Francis Eaton. After Eaton died, Francis married Eaton's widow, Christian Penn Eaton. He instantly gained four stepchildren, and he and Christian went on to have nine more children: Elizabeth, Joseph, Martha, Mary, Isaac, a child whose name is unknown, Rebecca, Dorcas, and Mercy. The family suffered great hardship and poverty throughout their lives. Because of their financial struggles, the town court bound out several of their young children as apprentices to wealthier households. They also lost their house to a fire. Francis and Christian both died in 1684 in Middleboro, when Francis was about 78 years old.
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John, Eleanor, John Jr., & Francis Billington
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WILLIAM* & DOROTHY (MAY) BRADFORD traveled from Leiden, leaving behind their 5-year-old son, John, to arrive later. William, 30, was a silk weaver in Leiden. He and Dorothy, 22, had been married for six years.
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Bradford was orphaned as a boy and raised by various relatives. Sickly and confined indoors, he took to reading the Bible. He soon began attending Separatist meetings, where Elder William Brewster became a father figure to him. At age 18, Bradford emigrated with the congregation to Holland, living with the Brewsters until age 21, when he claimed his family inheritance.
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In December 1620, soon after the Mayflower anchored at Cape Cod, Dorothy fell overboard and drowned. Three years later, William married widow Alice Carpenter Southworth, who had arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. The couple were joined by Alice's two sons, Constant and Thomas, along with Bradford's son, John. Together, William and Alice had three more children: William, Mercy, and Joseph.
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After Governor John Carver died in the spring of 1621, Bradford was elected to succeed him. He proved to be a highly respected leader, governing Plymouth for 30 of the next 36 years, serving the remaining five years as an assistant to the governor when he requested a reprieve from the top post. During this time, he wrote a detailed personal journal titled Of Plymouth Plantation, which provides the core first-hand history of the colony.
Bradford was described as a person of great gravity, prudence, wisdom, and gentleness. When he died in 1657 at age 67, he was buried with "public voice and military honor." He was survived by his wife, Alice, who died in 1670.
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William & Dorothy Bradford
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William, Mary, Love & Wrestling Brewster, & wards Richard & Mary More
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WILLIAM* & MARY BREWSTER William Brewster, 53, and Mary, about 51, traveled from Leiden with their young sons, Love and Wrestling, and young wards Richard and Mary More. They left three older children behind in Leiden—Jonathan, Patience, and Fear—and had buried an infant there in 1609.
William Brewster attended Cambridge University and is the only passenger known to have a college education. In England, he served as assistant to Queen Elizabeth's Secretary of State and later as postmaster in Scrooby. In Leiden, he served as a church elder and supported his family as a printer and an English teacher. Because pastor John Robinson remained behind in Leiden, Brewster became the primary religious leader of the Mayflower congregation.
Brewster was one of the few who did not fall ill during the general sickness. His son Jonathan arrived in 1621 on the Fortune, and daughters Fear and Patience arrived in 1623 on the Anne. His wife, Mary, died In 1627, and Brewster never remarried. Much loved and highly respected among the colonists, Governor William Bradford described Brewster as wise, discreet, well-spoken, cheerful, humble, and compassionate. Brewster died in Plymouth in 1644 at about age 77.​
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LOVE BREWSTER was about 9 years old. At about 23, he married Sarah Collier, and the following year, he became a freeman. He made his living as a yeoman farmer. He and Sarah settled in Duxbury and had four children: Sarah, Nathaniel, William, and Wrestling. Love served the colony by establishing highways, serving as a juror, and volunteering in the militia. He died in Duxbury at about age 39. Sarah survived him by about 40 years, dying in 1691.
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WRESTLING BREWSTER was about 6 years old. At 13, his name appeared in the 1627 Division of Cattle. He died sometime after 1627, as there are no colony records of his coming of age, and he was deceased by 1644 when his father died.
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RICHARD MORE, 5, and his sister, MARY MORE, 4, were two of four siblings in the care of families sailing on the Mayflower. The children—Ellen, Jasper, Richard, and Mary—had been born from their mother Katherine More's extramarital affair. At age 25, Katherine had wed her 17-year-old cousin, Samuel More, in an arranged marriage to protect her family's property and wealth, although her heart belonged to a local tenant farmer, Jacob Blakeway.
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In 1616, four days after the birth of their fourth child, Samuel avowed that the children resembled this Blakeway and accused Katherine of adultery. Following long, bitter legal proceedings in which Katherine unsuccessfully argued that a pre-existing betrothal to Blakeway invalidated her marriage to Samuel, Samuel disinherited the children. As their legal father, he took them from Katherine and placed them with a loyal tenant family.
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In 1620, as soon as their divorce was finalized, Samuel delivered the children to London for transport to America, unbeknownst to Katherine. He paid a double share for each, with the assurance they would be raised by honest, religious people and given sufficient necessities as full shareholders. Richard was the only sibling to survive the first winter.
When he was about 22, Richard married Christian Hunt, and they had seven children: Samuel, Thomas, Caleb, Joshua, Richard, Susanna, and Christian. They settled in Salem, where Richard made his living as a fisherman and sailor, achieving the rank of captain.
In 1645, he began a secret life of bigamy when he, "Richard More, of Salem in New England, mariner," wed Elizabeth Woolnough in England, with whom he already had a daughter. Just a year later, after being charged in London with public intoxication alongside a prostitute, Richard skipped his court date. Realizing the law was catching up to him, he abandoned his English family and fled back to Salem.
In 1674, Richard began operating a tavern in Salem. Two years later, his first wife, Christian, died after 40 years of marriage. Richard married a third time to the widow Jane Crumpton in 1678. This marriage lasted eight years until Jane died in 1686. Richard died in Salem sometime between 1694 and 1696, and he is the only Mayflower passenger whose original gravestone still stands today. The fate of his bigamous wife in England remains unknown.
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RICHARD BRITTERIDGE* signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. He was the first passenger to die after the ship reached Plymouth Harbor in December 1620.
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Richard Britteridge
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PETER BROWN* was about 25 years old if he was the son of William Brown of Surrey, as is commonly believed. During the first winter, Brown and John Goodman got lost in the woods when their two dogs began chasing a deer. They wandered the entire day through bitter sleet and snow, and a search party sent out to find them returned unsuccessful.
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As night fell, Brown and Goodman began hearing roaring noises, which they imagined to be a lion. They chose to sleep under a tree that they could easily climb if the sounds drew nearer, but they were too nervous to fall asleep. As soon as it was light, they walked toward a tall hill and were able to orient themselves. They arrived back at the settlement that night, faint from the cold, exertion, hunger, and lack of sleep.
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Peter lived in Plymouth for 13 years. By 1626, he married the widow Martha Ford, who had arrived in 1621 on the Fortune. Martha had young children from her previous marriage, and together, she and Peter had two daughters: Mary and Priscilla. Martha died by 1630, and Peter married Mary [last name unknown], with whom he had two more children: Rebecca and a child whose name is unknown. Peter died at about age 38 during the 1633 smallpox epidemic.
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Peter Brown
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JOHN* & KATHERINE (WHITE LEGGETT) CARVER John, 40, and Katherine, estimated to be in her 40s, had no children of their own, but their household group was the largest on the ship. Carver, a deacon of the Leiden church, had been sent to London to negotiate with the investors, organize the voyage, and purchase provisions for the Leiden congregation. Immediately following the Mayflower Compact signing, he was elected the first governor of the colony.
In the early spring of 1621, Carver negotiated a peace treaty with Massasoit, the grand sachem of the Wampanoag nation. Within a few weeks, Carver collapsed from heatstroke while planting in the fields, fell into a coma, and died a few days later. His wife, Katherine, "being a weak woman, died within five or six weeks after him." Governor William Bradford wrote that Carver's sudden death was deeply mourned and caused "great heaviness" amongst the colonists. They buried him in the best military manner possible, accompanied by volleys of shots from all who bore arms.
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DESIRE MINTER was either a ward or a servant of the Carvers. Two years before the voyage, John Carver had witnessed the remarriage of Desire's widowed mother in Leiden. By 1623, Desire no longer lived in Plymouth, as she was not mentioned in the 1623 Division of Land. Bradford wrote that Desire returned to England, where she "proved not very well" and died.
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JASPER MORE was a 7-year-old boy put into the care of the Carvers. He also had a brother and two sisters on board under the care of other families [See Richard More for their family history]. Jasper died in December 1620 while the ship was anchored at Cape Cod.
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JOHN HOWLAND*, an indentured servant to the Carvers, is estimated to have been about 21 years old. During the voyage, he was swept overboard in a storm and nearly drowned. However, he miraculously grabbed a trailing rope in the water and held on long enough to be rescued with a boat hook.
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After the deaths of Governor and Mrs. Carver, Howland became the head of their household and may have inherited their estate. By the 1627 Division of Cattle, he had married fellow passenger Elizabeth Tilley and started a family. He and Elizabeth were married for about 48 years and had 10 children: Desire, John, Hope, Elizabeth, Lydia, Hannah, Joseph, Jabez, Ruth, and Isaac.
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Howland was very active in government, consistently being elected as an assistant to the governor. Over the years, he served in the militia, on numerous committees and inquests, and as a deputy, juror, highway surveyor, and tax rater.
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In 1634, while Howland was overseeing Plymouth's Kennebec River trading post, a Piscataqua Colony man named Hocking tried to intercept their trading supplies. When Hocking refused Howland's repeated orders to return downriver, Howland instructed his men to cut the cables on Hocking's boat. As they were cutting, Hocking seized his gun and aimed at the men. Howland called out, "Take me for your mark! They are only doing what I commanded!" Without giving Howland a look, Hocking shot one of the Plymouth men point-blank in the head. In return, Hocking was immediately shot and killed. His shooter's identity was never recorded.
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Howland, described as a good old disciple and a plain-hearted Christian, died in Plymouth in his eightieth year and was buried with military honor. Elizabeth died about 14 years later. Their large family has produced millions Mayflower descendants.
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ROGER WILDER, an indentured servant to the Carvers, did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died during the general sickness that first winter.
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DOROTHY is determined to be the Carvers' unnamed maidservant because Francis Eaton married a woman by that name after his first wife died during the first winter. Dorothy lived only a few short years after her marriage and had no children.
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WILLIAM LATHAM, the Carvers' indentured boy servant, was about 11 years old. After the Carvers died, he joined the Bradford household, according to the 1627 Division of Cattle. By 1633, Latham became a freeman and made his living as a planter.
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In 1644, Latham's much younger wife, Mary, confessed to being "easily drawn away by lewd persons" and was executed for adultery. Mary was the first woman hanged in Boston. She and her partner, Richard Brittain, are the only people known to be executed for adultery in what would later become the United States.
Later that year, Latham's house burned down, prompting his return to England. In 1647, he joined an expedition to settle in the Bahamas, where he and others died of starvation after losing their supplies in a shipwreck.
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John & Katherine Carver, wards Desire Minter & Jasper More, & servants John Howland, Roger Wilder, [Dorothy], & William Latham
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James, Mrs,. & Mary Chilton
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JAMES* & MRS. CHILTON, whose first name is unknown, traveled from Leiden with their eleventh and youngest child, Mary, 13. Their other children included Joel (who died young), Isabella, Jane, Mary (who died young), a second Joel (who also died young), Elizabeth, James (who died young), Ingle, Christian, and a second James. Chilton was about 64 years old, making him the oldest known passenger. He died in December 1920 aboard the ship while it was anchored in Cape Cod Harbor. Mrs. Chilton also died during the general sickness of the first winter.
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MARY CHILTON, 13, was orphaned when both of her parents died shortly after arrival. In her late teens, Mary married John Winslow, the brother of passengers Edward and Gilbert. John arrived in 1621 on the Fortune and was 10 years older than Mary.
Mary and John had 10 children: John, Susanna, Mary, Edward, Sarah, Samuel, Joseph, Isaac, a child who died young, and Benjamin. After the birth of their youngest child, they moved to Boston. When John died at age 77, he was one of the wealthiest merchants in Boston. Mary died sometime between 1676 and 1679 at about age 70.
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RICHARD CLARKE* signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. He died soon after arrival during the general sickness.
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Richard Clarke
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FRANCIS COOKE*, a wool comber estimated to be in his late 30s, traveled from Leiden with his son John, 13. He left behind his wife, Hester, and their children Jane, Elizabeth, Jacob, and Hester. The Cookes had also buried an infant in Leiden.
In 1623, Cooke's remaining family arrived aboard the Anne. By 1627, another daughter, Mary, was born. Cooke served as both a land surveyor and highway surveyor, as well as a juror on numerous court cases. He died in Plymouth in 1663 at over 80 years of age.
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JOHN COOKE was 13 years old. At 27, he married Sarah Warren, the daughter of fellow passenger Richard Warren. He and Sarah had five daughters: Sarah, Elizabeth, Hester, Mary, and Mercy. John was a planter and was active in government, serving in Plymouth as treasurer and deputy, and later in Dartmouth as deputy, constable, and selectman. John died in Dartmouth in 1695 at age 88, one of the last surviving male passengers.
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Francis and John Cooke
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John and John Crackstone Jr.
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JOHN CRACKSTONE* is estimated to have been in his late 40s if he was married to Katherine Bates, as is commonly believed. He traveled from Leiden with his son, John Jr., leaving behind a daughter, Anna, who had married in Leiden two years prior to the voyage. John Sr. died during the general sickness that first winter.
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JOHN CRACKSTONE JR. did not sign the Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. In the 1627 Division of Cattle, he was grouped with the Isaac Allerton household. Soon after 1627, he got lost in the woods, suffered severe frostbite on his feet, contracted a fever, and died.
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FRANCIS* & SARAH EATON traveled from London with their infant son, Samuel. Francis was a 24-year-old carpenter. Although he and baby Samuel survived the first winter, Sarah died during the general sickness.
Francis then married Dorothy, who is believed to be the passenger maidservant of John Carver. Dorothy died within a couple of years, and Eaton married a third time to Christian Penn, a passenger who arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. This final marriage produced three children: Rachel, Benjamin, and an "idiot" child whose name remains unknown. Francis died at about age 37 in the 1633 smallpox epidemic.
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SAMUEL EATON, an infant during the voyage, lost his mother to the general sickness and, at age 13, lost his father to smallpox. At 16, Samuel was apprenticed to passenger John Cooke for seven years, after which he was contracted to receive three suits of apparel, twelve bushels of Indian corn, and a heifer. He made his living as a laborer.
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By age 26, Samuel married his first wife Elizabeth and settled in Duxbury, where they had at least two children whose names remain unknown. In 1651, Samuel appeared in court for "mixed daunsing" with Goodwife Halle, and the next year, he was sentenced to the stocks for pilfering and stealing. Elizabeth died sometime between 1656 and 1661.
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At 41, Samuel married a second time to Martha Billington, the 23-year-old daughter of Francis Billington and Christian Penn Eaton (who was Samuel's stepmother). Samuel and Martha had four children: Sarah, Samuel, Mercy, and Bethiah. The family eventually moved from Duxbury to Middleboro, where Samuel died in 1684 at about age 64. Martha remarried and died sometime after 1704.
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Francis, Sarah, & Samuel Eaton
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ELY [first name unknown] was a seaman hired to remain for one year with the colonists. He did not sign the Mayflower Compact, either because he did not intend to settle permanently or he was under age 21. When his contract expired, Ely returned to England.
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Ely
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THOMAS ENGLISH* was a seaman hired as master of the shallop, a smaller boat carried on the ship for use in shallow waters. English signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. He died soon after arrival during the general sickness.
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Thomas English
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MOSES FLETCHER*, a blacksmith, traveled from Leiden. He is estimated to be in his mid-50s, as he first married in 1589. He and his first wife, Maria Evans, had 10 children: Mary, John, Catherine, Richard, Priscilla, Moses (who died in infancy), Elizabeth, Jane, a second Moses, and Judith. After Maria died, Fletcher married the widow Sarah Denby. Fletcher sailed without his family and died soon after arrival during the general sickness. His surviving family remained permanently in Holland.
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Moses Fletcher
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EDWARD* & MRS. FULLER, whose first name is unknown, traveled from Leiden with their son Samuel, who was about 12 years old. An older son, Matthew, remained in Holland and arrived on a later voyage. Edward was 45 years old if he was the son of Robert Fuller, as is commonly believed. His brother, Samuel Sr., was also a passenger. Edward and his wife both died during the general sickness soon after coming ashore.
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SAMUEL FULLER was taken in by his uncle, Samuel Sr., after his parents died. The younger Samuel became a freeman at about age 26, and the following year, he married Jane Lathrop. Together, they had nine children: Hannah, Samuel, Elizabeth, Sarah (who died young), Mary, Thomas, a second Sarah, John, and a child who died shortly after birth.
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Uncle, nephew, cousin, and son all bore the name Samuel Fuller, making them difficult to differentiate in colony records. Samuel and Jane first settled in Scituate, where Samuel was elected constable, and later moved to Barnstable. Jane died sometime before Samuel, who died at about age 74 in 1683.
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Edward, Mrs., & Samuel Fuller
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Samuel Fuller & servant William Butten
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SAMUEL FULLER*, the brother of Edward, traveled from Leiden with his servant, William Butten. Samuel was 40 years old if he was the son of Robert Fuller, as is commonly believed. Twice widowed, he was currently married to Bridget Lee, with whom he had one child whose name is unknown.
Samuel was a butcher in England and worked in Leiden as a weaver of say (a fine cloth used for tablecloths and bedding). In Plymouth, he served as a surgeon, physician, and church deacon.
Samuel's wife, Bridget, and their child arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. Two more children were born in Plymouth: Samuel and Mercy. In addition, Samuel's orphaned nephew, also named Samuel Fuller, lived with the family. Samuel Sr. died during the 1633 smallpox epidemic, having tended to the sick as a physician until his own passing.
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WILLIAM BUTTEN, described as "a youth," was likely a young teenager. He was the only passenger to die at sea during the Atlantic crossing. He died on November 6, 1620, just three days before the ship first sighted land.
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RICHARD GARDINER* survived the winter, yet little is known about him. He signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. In the 1623 Division of Land, he received one acre, indicating he had no family. He was not listed in the 1627 Division of Cattle. Governor William Bradford later wrote that Gardiner became a seaman and died "in England or at sea."
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Richard Gardiner
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JOHN GOODMAN*, a linen weaver in Leiden, signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. During the first winter, he got lost in the woods for two days [see Peter Brown for more info], and his feet were so swollen from frostbite that his shoes had to be cut off.
Although William Bradford later wrote that John Goodman died during the "general sickness that befell," this is contradicted by his appearance in the 1623 Division of Land. He likely died soon after 1623 because he is not found in the 1627 Division of Cattle.
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John Goodman
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Stephen, Elizabeth, Constance, Giles, Damaris, & Oceanus Hopkins, & servants Edward Doty and Edward Leister
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STEPHEN* & ELIZABETH HOPKINS traveled from London. This voyage to America was the second for Stephen, a 39-year-old merchant adventurer seeking a better life for his family. He had previously sailed on the Sea Venture to Jamestown by way of Bermuda, where his ship wrecked, and he and others were nearly executed for mutiny. After nine months in Bermuda and two years in Jamestown, Hopkins returned to England to find that his wife, Mary, and one of their three young children, Elizabeth, had died during his absence. In 1617, Stephen married a second time to Elizabeth Fisher.
The Hopkins had the second largest household group on the Mayflower. They traveled with Stephen's children from his first marriage, Constance, 14, and Giles, 12; a daughter, Damaris, about age 2; and servants Edward Doty and Edward Leister. While crossing the Atlantic, Elizabeth also gave birth to a son whom they named Oceanus.
The entire Hopkins group miraculously survived the general sickness, leaving Elizabeth as one of only four adult women to survive the first winter. Stephen and Elizabeth went on to have five more children after arrival: Caleb, Deborah, a second Damaris, Ruth, and Elizabeth.
First noted in colonial records as a tanner, Stephen worked extensively as a merchant and planter in Plymouth. He helped explore the land, was elected as an assistant to the governor, and volunteered for the militia. He also served as an ambassador to the Natives, providing them lodging in his home and making diplomatic trips to their villages.
After opening a tavern, he occasionally incurred fines for petty offenses such as allowing men to drink on the Lord's Day, permitting excessive drinking, and charging excessive rates for drinks. In 1639, he was briefly jailed for contempt of court after firing a maidservant who had become pregnant by a convicted murderer. He was released after arranging for someone else to take over her remaining indenture.
Stephen died in Plymouth in 1644 at age 63. Preceded in death by Elizabeth, Stephen requested in his final will to be buried as near to her as possible.
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CONSTANCE HOPKINS was 14 years old. By the 1627 Division of Cattle, she had wed Nicholas Snow, who arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. They lived in Plymouth before moving to Eastham, where Nicholas served as a deputy, constable, and selectman.
They had 12 children: Mark, Mary, Sarah, Joseph, Stephen, John, Elizabeth, Jabez, Ruth, and three others whose names are unknown. Constance and Nicholas were married for about 49 years until Nicholas died in 1676. Constance died one year later at age 71.
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GILES HOPKINS was 12 years old. At 31, he married Catherine Wheldon, and they had ten children: Mary, Stephen, John, Abigail, Deborah, Caleb, Ruth, Joshua, William, and Elizabeth. Giles worked as a planter and served as a surveyor of highways for both Yarmouth and Eastham. He died in Eastham at about age 82, sometime between 1688/9 and 1690.
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DAMARIS HOPKINS was about 2 years old. She died in Plymouth during childhood, and a later Hopkins daughter was born and named in her honor.
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OCEANUS HOPKINS, born during the Atlantic crossing, was included in the 1623 Division of Land but not in the 1627 Division of Cattle. He died before reaching age 7.
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EDWARD DOTY*, an indentured servant to the Hopkins, signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. During the first year in Plymouth, Doty and Edward Leister committed Plymouth's second crime when they fought with sword and dagger in Plymouth's first duel. Each was sentenced to have his head and feet tied together for a full day without food or drink. However, due to their great pains and the request of Stephen Hopkins, they were released after just one hour.
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Doty became a freeman in 1633. Throughout his lifetime, he appeared numerous times in court as both a defendant and plaintiff for complaints such as fraud, slander, breaking the peace, trespass, property damage, and assault. Despite these disputes, he paid his fines and taxes and accumulated a substantial amount of land along the way.
Doty's first marriage was not recorded, but in 1635, he married his second wife, 16-year-old Faith Clark, who had arrived in 1634 aboard the Francis. They had nine children: Edward, John, Thomas, Samuel, Desire, Elizabeth, Isaac, Joseph, and Mary. Edward and Faith were married for 20 years until Edward died in 1655. Faith remarried about 10 years later and moved to Marshfield, where she died in 1675.
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EDWARD LEISTER*, an indentured servant to the Hopkins, signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. He is remembered for fighting in the first duel in Plymouth [see Edward Doty above]. He was listed in the 1623 Division of Land but left Plymouth before the 1627 Division of Cattle. Governor William Bradford later wrote that after Leister became a freeman, he moved to Virginia and died there.
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EDMOND MARGESSON* signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. He died soon after arrival during the general sickness.
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Edmond Margesson
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Christopher & Mary (Prower) Martin, Soloman Prower, & servant John Langmore
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CHRISTOPHER* & MARY (PROWER) MARTIN traveled from London with Mary's son, Solomon Prower, and their servant, John Langmore. Christopher and Mary had been married for 13 years and left behind their young son, Nathaniel. Mary also had four other children from her previous marriage to Edward Prower: Edward, John, Mary, and a daughter who died young.
Separatists John Carver and Robert Cushman, tasked with buying voyage provisions for the voyage, had decided that the London group should have their own purchasing agent to prevent suspicion or jealousy. Martin, a merchant, was appointed to this position. However, he soon began to treat his Separatist counterparts with contempt and offend the sailors so much with his "ignorant boldness in meddling and controlling" that the sailors threatened to attack him. Christopher died in January 1620/1. Mary also died during the during the general sickness that first winter.
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SOLOMAN PROWER traveled as a servant to his stepfather. He did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died during the general sickness.
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JOHN LANGMORE, an indentured servant to the Martins, did not sign the Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died in December 1620, soon after arrival.
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William, Alice, Priscilla, & Joseph Mullins, & servant Robert Carter
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WILLIAM* & ALICE MULLINS traveled from London with their children, Priscilla and Joseph, and their servant, Robert Carter. Mullins, a merchant shoemaker, held one of the largest investments in the venture and brought along hundreds of shoes and boots. He left behind two older children, William and Sarah. William Sr. died in February 1621, and Alice also died during the general sickness that first winter.
PRISCILLA MULLINS was the sole member of her household to survive the first winter. In about 1623, she married fellow passenger John Alden, and they went on to have 10 children: Elizabeth, John, Joseph, Priscilla, Jonathan, Sarah, Ruth, Mary, Rebecca, and David. The family settled in Duxbury, and most of the children lived to adulthood, married, and had children of their own. Priscilla died in Duxbury sometime before John, who died in 1687.
JOSEPH MULLINS did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died during the general sickness.
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ROBERT CARTER, an indentured servant to the Mullins, did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died during the general sickness that first winter.
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DEGORY PRIEST*, about 41 years old, was a hatmaker in Leiden. He was married to Sarah Allerton, the sister of fellow passenger Isaac Allerton. Priest had left behind Sarah and their two daughters, Mary and Sarah, to sail on a later voyage. He died in January 1620/21 during the general sickness, but his widow and daughters eventually arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne, along with Sarah's new husband, Godbert Godbertson, and their young son, Samuel.
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Degory Priest
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John & Alice Rigsdale
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JOHN* & ALICE RIGSDALE traveled without children or servants, and John signed the Mayflower Compact. Both John and Alice died during the general sickness of the first winter.
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Thomas and Joseph Rogers
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THOMAS ROGERS* was a merchant of camlet (a mixed woven fabric of silk and wool) and estimated to be in his 40s, based on his wedding date. He traveled from Leiden with his oldest child, Joseph, 17, leaving behind his wife, Alice Cosford, and their three other children: John, Elizabeth, and Margaret. Rogers died during the general sickness, but his son survived. His remaining children arrived in Plymouth about 10 years later.
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JOSEPH ROGERS was 17 when he lost his father soon after arrival. He then joined the Bradford household, according to the 1627 Division of Cattle. By 1633, he was a freeman and married. He served in Duxbury as a constable and highway surveyor and later moved to Eastham, where he served as a military lieutenant and selectman.
Joseph had eight children: Sarah, Joseph, Thomas, Elizabeth, John, Mary, James, and Hannah. The only record of his wife's name, Hannah, is in his final will. Joseph died in Eastham in 1677/8, just before his 75th birthday.
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Myles & Rose Standish
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MYLES* & ROSE STANDISH traveled from Holland. Myles, estimated to be in his 30s, was a hired military captain. He became acquainted with the Leiden Separatists while serving as a English soldier in the Dutch States Army.
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Rose died in January 1621 during the general sickness. Myles, however, was one of the few who remained healthy, able to care for the sick and bury the dead. Three years later, he married Barbara [last name unknown], who arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. Their marriage lasted 33 years, and they had seven children: Charles (who died young), Alexander, John, Myles, Lora, Josias, and a second Charles.
As the chief military commander, Standish participated in land exploration, supervised fort construction, trained the militia, and dealt with the neighboring Natives and colonies. He was described as "a man of very little stature, yet of a very hot and angry temper." Not one to back down from confrontation, his aggressive and courageous leadership contributed much to the colony's survival and success.
When the colony learned that hostile natives were plotting to slaughter the English settlers, Standish took eight men to preempt the attack. At Wessagusset, they killed the lead conspirators, with Standish taking on the strongest chief, Pecksuot, and stabbing him with the warrior's own knife.
Standish helped found Duxbury, where he died in 1656, buried with "full military honors." His wife, Barbara, died three years later.
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Edward & Ann Tilley, niece Humility Cooper, & nephew Henry Samson
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EDWARD* & ANN (COOPER) TILLEY traveled from Leiden with their baby niece, Humility Cooper, and teen nephew, Henry Sampson. Edward's brother, John, and his family were also on board. Edward, 32, was a clothmaker in Leiden. He and Ann, 35, had been married for six years and had no children of their own. Both died during the general sickness soon after arrival.
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HUMILITY COOPER, age 1, was the daughter of Ann Tilley's brother, Robert Cooper. Being in the care of her aunt and uncle suggests that her mother had died prior to the voyage. After her aunt and uncle died, she was taken in by the Brewsters, according to the 1627 Division of Cattle. Sometime after 1627, Humility returned to London and was baptized there as a 19-year-old in 1638. She died by age 32 with no record of marriage.
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HENRY SAMSON, 16, was the son of Ann Tilley's sister, Martha Cooper Samson. After his aunt and uncle died, Henry was taken in by the Brewsters, as listed in the 1627 Division of Cattle. At about age 30, he became a freeman. A year later, he married Ann Plummer, and they went on to have nine children: Elizabeth, Hannah, a daughter whose name unknown, John, Mary, Dorcas, James, Stephen, and Caleb.
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Henry made his living as a planter and was active within the colony, often serving as a juror. In Duxbury, he served as a constable and tax collector. Ann preceded her husband in death, and Henry died in Duxbury in 1684 at about age 80.
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John, Joan, & Elizabeth Tilley
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JOHN* & JOAN (HURST ROGERS) TILLEY traveled from Leiden with their youngest child, Elizabeth, 13. John's brother, Edward, and his family were also on board. A silk weaver in Leiden, John, 49, and Joan, 53, had been married 24 years. They had four other children: Rose (who died young), John, a second Rose, and Robert. Joan also had a daughter named Joan from her previous marriage to Thomas Rogers. John and Joan both died during the general sickness soon after arrival.
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ELIZABETH TILLEY, 13, was orphaned soon after the ship's arrival. About four years later, she married fellow passenger John Howland, and they were married for about 48 years. They had 10 children, all of whom lived to marry and have families of their own, making Elizabeth and John two of the most prolific of all Mayflower ancestors. John died in 1673, and Elizabeth died in 1687 at age 79. In her will, she charged her children "to walk in fear of the Lord and in love and peace toward each other."
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THOMAS TINKER*, HIS WIFE, & SON traveled from Leiden. The names of his wife and son remain unknown. Thomas worked as a wood sawyer and had become a Leiden citizen three years prior to the voyage. All three family members died during the general sickness that first winter.
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Thomas & Mrs.Tinker & Son
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WILLIAM TREVORE was a seaman hired to stay with the colonists for one year. He did not sign the Compact, either because he did not plan to settle permanently or he was under the age of 21. When his contract was completed, he returned to England.
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William Trevore
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JOHN TURNER* traveled from Leiden with TWO SONS, whose names and ages were not recorded. Ten years earlier, he had been granted citizenship in Leiden and was noted as a merchant. Turner and his sons all died during the general sickness, but his daughter, Elizabeth, arrived several years later and settled in Salem.
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John Turner & Sons
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Richard Warren
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RICHARD WARREN*, a London merchant likely in his late 30s, traveled alone. Three years later, he was joined by his wife, Elizabeth, and their five daughters—Mary, Ann, Sarah, Elizabeth, and Abigail—who arrived in 1623 aboard the Anne. Richard and Elizabeth later had two sons born in Plymouth: Nathaniel and Joseph. Richard Warren died in Plymouth in 1628. All seven of his children married and had large families, making him one of the passengers with the most descendants.
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William, Susanna, & Resolved White, & servants William Holbeck and Edward Thompson
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WILLIAM* & SUSANNA (JACKSON) WHITE, of Leiden, traveled with their young son, Resolved, about 5, and their servants, William Holbeck and Edward Thompson. Susanna was pregnant with their second child and gave birth aboard the Mayflower after arriving at Cape Cod. They named the baby boy Peregrine, which means "traveler."
In February 1620/21, about three months after Peregrine's birth, William White died during the general sickness. In May, Susanna—widowed with a 5-year-old and a newborn—married newly widowed passenger Edward Winslow. Their wedding was the first in Plymouth. Susanna and Edward were married for at least 35 years and had five more children: a child who died young, Edward, John, Josiah, and Elizabeth. Susanna died sometime after 1654.
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RESOLVED WHITE was about 5 years old at the time of the voyage. At about age 25, he married Judith Vassall, and their marriage produced eight children: William, John, Samuel, Resolved, Anna, Elizabeth, Josiah, and Susanna. Resolved made his living as a planter. He also volunteered to bear arms in 1643 and took the oath of fidelity in 1644. He and Judith were married for 30 years until she died in Marshfield in 1670.
Four years later, Resolved married a second time to the widow Abigail Lorde in Salem. Their marriage lasted seven years until Abigail died in 1682. Resolved died sometime after 1684.
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PEREGRINE WHITE was born aboard the Mayflower while the ship was anchored at Cape Cod Harbor. His baby cradle is still exhibited today at the Pilgrim Hall Museum in Plymouth.
Peregrine worked as a farmer and also served as lieutenant and captain in the militia. At age 27, he married Sarah Bassett and settled in Marshfield. Together, they had seven children: Daniel (who died young), Jonathan, Peregrine, Sarah, Sylvanus, and Mercy. Peregrine Sr. died in 1704 at age 83, and Sarah died in 1712.
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WILLIAM HOLBECK did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died during the general sickness soon after landing.
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EDWARD THOMPSON did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He was the first passenger to die aboard the Mayflower after anchoring at Cape Cod.
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THOMAS WILLIAMS* was about age 38. Four years prior the voyage, he had been a witness at his sister's wedding in Leiden. He traveled alone and signed the Mayflower Compact. He died during the general sickness soon after arrival.
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Thomas Williams
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Edward & Elizabeth Winslow, ward Ellen More, & servants George Soule and Elias Storey
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EDWARD* & ELIZABETH WINSLOW, of Leiden, traveled with their ward, Ellen More, 8, and their servants, George Soule and Elias Story. Edward's younger brother, Gilbert, was also on board. Edward, 25, worked as a printer in Leiden and had been married to Elizabeth for two years. They had no children of their own but were caring for young Ellen.
Elizabeth Winslow died in March 1661, the last person to die during the general sickness of the first winter. Two months later, Edward married the newly widowed Susanna White in Plymouth's first wedding. Susanna brought two young children to the marriage, including an infant born after arrival. Edward and Susanna went on to have five more children together: a child one who died young, Edward, John, Josiah, and Elizabeth.
Throughout his life, Edward served as governor, assistant to the governor, diplomat to Massasoit and the local tribes, and colony agent to the London investors. He also wrote pamphlets and letters and co-wrote a detailed journal titled Mourt's Relation, which described life in New England. Notably, he is the only Mayflower passenger who has an existing portrait painted during his lifetime.
On a 1646 trip to England, Edward joined Oliver Cromwell's government and spent nine years away from Plymouth. In 1655, he died at sea in the West Indies while commanding a military expedition to retake the island of Hispaniola. He was 59 years old.
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ELLEN MORE was the oldest of four young siblings sailing on the Mayflower in the care of the Winslow, Brewster, and Hopkins families [see Richard More for her family history]. She died during the general sickness, as did two of her three siblings.
GEORGE SOULE* signed the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely over the age of 21. Around 1626, he married Mary Buckett, and together they had nine children: Zachariah, John, Nathaniel, George, Susanna, Mary, Elizabeth, Patience, and Benjamin. By 1633, Soule became a freeman, and in 1637, he was granted land at Duxbury and became one of the town's founders.
Soule was active in the colony, volunteering for the militia, serving on various committees and juries, and serving as a court deputy. He and Mary were married for 50 years until her death. Soule died in Duxbury sometime between 1677 and 1679, within three years of her passing.
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ELIAS STOREY did not sign the Mayflower Compact, indicating he was likely under the age of 21. He died during the general sickness soon after the ship's arrival.
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GILBERT WINSLOW*, the brother of Edward, traveled as a single man. He turned 20 years old during the voyage and was the youngest to sign the Mayflower Compact. In the 1623 Division of Land, he received one acre, indicating he was still unmarried. Gilbert returned to England sometime before the 1627 Division of Cattle and died there at about age 31.
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Gilbert Winslow
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